The Power of Mantra

Mantra: The Original Power of the Spoken Word

The science of mantra is thousands of years old. And it is still practiced by millions of people from several of the world's Great Religions. Why? Because mantras work. Mantras are so powerful that it can even make or break a act. Just think out of our history, in those ancient days Sages use to carry blessings & curse in there mouths. One word could destroy or creat a entire world so much power it carries.

The Science of Sound: How ancient sages created sanskrit mantras out of primeval sounds that stimulate the chakras in the subtle body.
Our Karmic Predicament: The four types of karma and the means to reduce or transcend the effects of past karma.
Planetary Influences: Eastern and Western approaches to astrology; correspondences between planets and bodily organs; mantras for purifying the energies we receive from each planet; mantras for receiving power from the Sun.
Mantra Traditions: The Hindu and Buddhist approaches to mantra. The esoteric mantra practices of Tibet.
Mantras for Specific Conditions: The specific formulas for attaining health, wealth, protection, happy marriage, control of emotions, and more.
The Classical Method of Mantra Discipline: The use of malas or rosaries; 40-day sadhanas; Ganesha sadhana to remove obstacles.
Gurus and Teachers: The significance of teachers in mantra practice; mantras that are imparted "with power"; the nature of the Upaguru, or inner teacher in all of us.
Specialized Practices: The use of "seed" mantras; India's most celebrated mantra, the Gayatri; celebrations of the Buddha's birthday (Wesak).

What is MANTRA

Mantra is a divine combination of divine syllables or sounds which when chanted with devotion,faith and emotion gravitate the concerned God or Goddess or deity and secure their divine blessings. For divine help one must link with divine forces but majority of humans are unaware of these forces and have no link whatsoever. But when an individual starts chanting Mantra related to a particular deity regularly the gap between him and the concerned divine force steadily decreases. By regular use of Mantra a subtle link is formed and through this one could then obtain any desired boon within the power of the deity. One could obtain wealth, prosperity, fame, fearlessness, success and spiritual upliftment, but for each a different Mantra is chanted and a different deity propitiated.
A Mantra is a special set of words through only that particular deity could be summoned. If I write or speak in Chinese you won't be able to understand and my words will not produce any effect. But if I speak the language you know its effect shall be with doubt. Praying to these deities in one's language won't help much but if one uses the words that they can understand the result shall be instant.
These words are the Mantras evolved by Rishis and Yogis who actually prepared them and used them to prove their worth. Over the ages these have helped thousands of Sadhaks achieve even that which appeared impossible to them. Within doubt that whose chanting fulfils one's wish is a Mantra.

Jagannath

Jagannath

"The King of the Galaxy"

Jagannath (also spelled Jagganath) is considered amongst Vaishnavas to be a very merciful form of Krishna. The oldest and most famous Jagannath deity is in the city of Puri, in Orissa, India (the city is known to many as Jagannath Puri) where each year the famous Rath Yatra festival takes place. Jagannath is worshipped by Hindus all over India. The Jagannath Temple in Puri is regarded as one of the four most sacred Hindu pilgrimage places in India.

Traditional stories
There are two interesting stories associated with this deity. First is the story of how Krishna appeared to a great devotee of the lord, King Indradyumna and ordered him to carve a deity from a log he would find washed up on the sea shore. King Indradyumna found a mysterious old Brahmin carpenter to carve the deity, but the carpenter insisted that he not be disturbed while he was carving the deity. The king waited anxiously outside his room, but after some time, all sound stopped. The impatient Indradyumna worried what had happened and assuming the worst, opened the doors - only to find the deity half-finished and the carpenter gone! The mysterious carpenter was none other than Vishvakarma, the heavenly architect. The king was distraught as the deity had no arms and legs. Utterly repentant that he had interrupted the carving, the king was only pacified when the muni (sage) called Narada appeared and explained that the form the king now sees is a legitimate form of the supreme personality of godhead. The second story here was narrated to further explain and remove any doubts and confusion.
The second reason for Lord Jagannath's appearance is the story of how Krishna was eavesdropping on the gopis as they spoke amongst themselves of His pastimes, and how much they loved him. Sister Subhadra was instructed to keep watch and ensure Krishna wasn't nearby while the gopis spoke of Krishna. But after a while Subhadra was so overwhelmed by the gopis' devotion and their stories that she became completely engrossed in listening. She didn't see the brothers Krishna and Balarama approaching. As the brothers listened their hairs stood on end, their arms retracted, their eyes grew larger and larger, and they smiled broadly in ecstasy. That is why Jagannath, Balarama and Subhadra look like they do.
This form is worshiped by Vaishnavas as the abstract form of Krishna. The deities - Jagannath, Balabhadra (Balarama) and Subhadra (Krishna's sister) are usually worshipped in the temple, but once in every Asadha Masa (Rainy Season, usually June or July), they are brought out onto the main high street of Puri and travel to the Mausimaa Temple, allowing the public to have Darshan (holy view) of the deities as they pass. This festival is known as Ratha Yatra. The Rath carts themselves are huge wooden structures built new every year and are pulled by the millions of pilgrims who turn up for the event from all parts of the Globe. The festival commemorates Krishna's return to His home in Vrindavan after a long period of separation from the people there.

Jagannath Temple (Puri)

The Jagannath Temple in Puri is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Jagannath (Krishna) located in the coastal town of Puri in the state of Orissa, India. The name Jagannath (Lord of the Universe) is a combination of the Sanskrit words Jagat (Universe) and Nath (Lord of). The temple is an important pilgrimage destination for many Hindu traditions, particularly worshippers of Krishna and Vishnu. The temple is famous for its annual Rath Yatra, or chariot festival, in which the three main temple deities are hauled on huge and elaborately decorated chariots. Since medieval times, it is also associated with intense religious fervor.The temple is sacred to the Vaishnava traditions and saint Ramananda who was closely associated with the temple. It is also of particular significance to the followers of the Gaudiya Vaishnavism whose founder, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, was attracted to the deity, Jagannath, and lived in Puri for many years.

The Famous Rath Yatra

Ratha Yatra is a major Hindu festival associated with Lord Jagannath held at Puri in the state of Orissa, India during the months of June or July (Rainy Season). Most of the city's society is based around the worship of Jagannath (Krishna) with the ancient temple being the fulcrum of the area. The festival commemorates Krishna's return to His home in Vrindavan after a long period of separation from the people there.

The festival

Usually the deities - Jagannath (Krishna), Baladeva and Subhadra are worshipped within the temple, but on the day of the Rath festival they are taken through the streets so that everyone can have the fortune of seeing them. Three richly decorated chariots, resembling temple structures, are pulled through the streets of Puri. This commemorates the annual journey of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and their sister Subhadra to their aunt' s temple (Gundicha Mandir) which is situated at a distance of 2 km from their temple. New chariots are built every year. This is the only day when devotees who are not allowed in the temple premises such as non-Hindus and foreigners, can get their glimpse of the deities. During the festival, devotees from all over India go to Puri with an earnest desire to touch the rope of the chariot. They consider this a pious deed and risk their lives in the huge crowd. The huge processions accompanying the chariots play devotional songs with drums, tambourines, etc. Children line the streets through which the chariot will pass and add to the mass chorus. The Rath carts themselves are some approximately 45 feet high and are pulled by the thousands of pilgrims who turn up for the event. Millions of devotees congregate at Puri for this annual event from all over the country and abroad. It is also telecasted live on many Indian channels.

Moksha

The mOksh Provider

Moksha (Sanskrit: मोक्ष, liberation) or Mukti (Sanskrit: मुक्ति, release) refers in Indian religions to liberation from samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth(see previous postings for life cycle) and all of the suffering and limitation of worldly existence. In Hindu philosophy, it is seen as a transcendence of phenomenal being, a state of higher consciousness, in which matter, energy, time, space, causation (karma) and the other features of empirical reality are understood as maya. Liberation is to Indian religions as salvation is to Christianity. Rather than being a reward for good deeds that is achieved after death, however, liberation is experienced in this very life as a dissolution of the sense of self as an egoistic personality by which the underlying, eternal, pure spirit is uncovered. This desireless state concludes the yogic path through which conditioned mentality-materiality or nama-roopa (lit. name-form) has been dissolved uncovering one's eternal identity prior to the mind/spirit's identification with material form. Liberation is achieved by (and accompanied with) the complete stilling of all passions — a state of being known as Nirvana. Buddhist thought differs slightly from the Advaita Vedantist reading of liberation

Hinduism

Moksha is seen as a final release from one's worldly conception of self, the loosening of the shackle of experiential duality and a realization of one's own fundamental nature which is true being, pure consciousness and bliss (satcitananda) an experience which is ineffable and beyond sensation. According to the branch of Hinduism known as advaita vedanta, at liberation the individual soul or atman is realised to be one with the Ground of all being – the Source of all phenomenal existence known as Brahman. The self-as-individual is realised to have never existed. In other (dvaita) traditions it is held that the identification between the liberated human being and God is not total but there is always some distinction between the two. In Vaishnavism, one of the largest branch of Hinduism, Moksha involves forsaking everything material and establishing one's existence as a purely devoted servant of Vishnu (Bhagavan or God; also known by many other names such as Krishna, Rama, Narayana, etc.). Hindu scripture like the Bhagavad Gita, Mahabharata, Ramayana and so on especially emphasize this personal, devotional conception of Moksha, which is achieved through the practice of Bhakti Yoga. On the other hand, works of the non-dualistic Hindu school, Advaita Vedanta or Brahmavada whose doctrinal position is derived from the Upanishads (see earlier posts on this head), say that the Self or Super-Soul is formless, beyond being and non-being, beyond any sense of tangibility and comprehension. These two Hindu concepts of Moksha - personal and impersonal - are seen differently depending on one's beliefs.
In Dvaita (dualist) and qualified advaitic schools of the personal Vaishnava traditions, Moksha is defined as the loving, eternal union with God (Ishvara) and considered the highest perfection of existence. The bhakta (devotee) attains the abode of his supreme Lord in a perfected state but maintains his or her individual identity, with a spiritual form, personality, tastes, pastimes, and so on.
In Advaita philosophy, the ultimate truth is not a singular Godhead, per se, but rather is oneness without form or being, something that essentially is without manifestation, personality, or activity. Moksha is union with this oneness. The concepts of impersonal Moksha and Buddhist Nirvana are comparable. Indeed, there is much overlap in their views of higher consciousness and attainment of enlightenment.
In Nastik religions such as Jainism and Buddhism, Moksha is a union with all that is, regardless of whether there is a God or not. After Nirvana, one obtains Moksha. The Nirvana of Hinduism is Brahma-Nirvana meaning that it will lead to God.
Means to achieve Moksha
In Hinduism, atma-jnana (self-realization) is the key to obtaining Moksha. The Hindu is one who practices karma and bhakti, knowing that god is unlimited and exists in many different forms, both personal and impersonal.
There are believed to be four yogas (disciplines) or margas (paths) for the attainment of Moksha. These are: working for the Supreme (Karma Yoga), realizing the Supreme (Jnana Yoga), meditating on the Supreme (Raja Yoga) and serving the Supreme in loving devotion (Bhakti Yoga). Different schools of Hinduism place varying emphasis on one path or other, some of the most famous being the tantric and yogic practices developed in Hinduism. Today, the two major schools of thought are Advaita Vedanta and Bhakti branches.
Bhakti sees God as the most worshippable object of love, for example, a personified monotheistic conception of Vishnu. Unlike in Abrahamic traditions, for example, Smarta Hinduism, this monotheism does not prevent a Hindu from worship of other aspects of God, as they are all seen as rays from a single source. However, it is worthy of note that the Bhagavad Gita discourages the worship of demigods, as it does not lead to Moksha. The concept is essentially of devotional service in love, since the ideal nature of being is seen as that of harmony, euphony, its manifest essence being love. By immersing oneself in the love of God, one's Karmas (good or bad, regardless) slough off, one's illusions about beings decay and 'truth' is soon known and lived. Both the worshiped and worshiper maintain their identities in a personal, divine loving relationship.
Vedanta finds itself split threefold, though the dualist and modified non-dualist schools are primarily associated with the foregoing thought of Bhakti. The most famous today is Advaita Vedanta, a non-dual (i.e. no separation between the individual and reality/God/etc.) perspective which often played the role of Hindu foil to contemporary Buddhist philosophy. In general, it focused on intense meditation and moral realignment, its bedrock being the Upanishads, Brahma Sutras and the teachings of its putative founder, Adi Shankara. Through discernment of the real and the unreal, as a peeling of the layers of an onion, the sadhak (practitioner) would unravel the maya (illusion) of being and the cosmos to find nothing within, a nothingness which was paradoxically being, and transcendentally beyond both such inadequate descriptions. This was Moksha, this was atman and Brahman realized as the substance and void of existential duality. The impersonalist schools of Hinduism also worship various deities, but with the idea that such worship is ultimately abandoned - both the worshiped and worshiper lose their individual identities.
Moksha in the sacred Hindu temple dance, as in the classical Indian dance too, is symbolized by Shiva raising his right leg, as if freeing himself from the gravitation of the material world.
One must achieve Moksha on his or her own under the guidance of a guru - one who has already achieved success in Moksha. An Arhant or a Siddha inspires but does not intervene.
Components of Moksha
Within Moksha or Mukti, there lies the ultimate peace (Shanti), the ultimate knowledge (Videh), the ultimate enlightenment (kaivalya) and the ultimate paradise (Swarga).

Kundalini

KUNDALINI...The Magic is INnnnn...

The 8 Chakras or Wheels of Life

We all have eight principal centers of life that connect us from our physical body, to our Infinite-Self. They are called "Chakras," (pronounced cha-kah-rahs). On a physical level, they actually control and affect our glands, called the endocrine system. On a mental level they affect the way we think, and on a level of consciousness, they can take us into the dirt, or into the heavens and beyond the superstrings of this multi-level universe. Many of us are now opening the doors and discovering, if not experiencing, these connections, which connect us to our True-Self. So let us take a short tour into the world of chakras.The word chakra means wheel. Chakras are like steering wheels, which steer us through life. If one wheel is out of balance, we may wobble this way or that way out of control. The 1st center is at the base of our spine called the Root Chakra, and the last center is the 8th chakra that surrounds our bodies, it's called the Aura or Auric Body.From the base of our spine, the energy of life called Kundalini, where it is stored, rises up our spine to balance all our chakras and connect us to our Inner-Self. When this energy is blocked, our chakras get out of balance and the connections to the elements that make us who we are, get out of balance. From our glands to our health, from how we feel to how we think - it all relates to a balanced or imbalanced chakra. If you read on, I will give you some very important clues about our chakras. I will keep it clear and simple, and leave out all the esoteric stuff about deities, animals, yantras, and names difficult to articulate, as these are all just metaphors.

The Eight Chakras or Wheels Of Life.
Chakras Can Be Described As DOORS.
"Openings That We Should Be Able To Open Or Close."

1: Earth Connection - Stillness

Survival, Shelter, Grounding, and the Life Force.

Located at the perineum, the base of our spine. This center is our base or foundation, where we have the potential to take the earth and connect it to the heavens. It is where the Life Force or Kundalini resides. It has the ability to make this earth a heaven, or a hell. When balanced - its magnetic field attracts and gives us security, shelter, food, and the earthly things we need to survive. When out of balance - we feel insecure, lost, and never seem to get what we need. We find it difficult to eliminate food from our body. From constipation and hemorrhoids to excess weight, it all comes from a blocked 1st chakra. Its color is red, enough said.

2: Water Connection - Movement

Flowing, Creativity, Pleasure, and Sexuality.

Located at the sex organ. Its color is orange and element is water. Like water, it gives us movement to come out of our shelter and create. When balanced with our other chakras, we can all have a normal healthy sex life, full of creativity. When out of balance, it can cause one to be terribly frigid or grossly oversexed. If we dwell totally in this center we can develop sexual abnormalities. From rape to molestation, from being gay to making love with animals (ouch) - it's all from an imbalanced 2nd chakra.

3: Fire Connection - Combustion
Will Power or Weakness. Create or Destroy.

Located at our navel point, where 72,000 nerve endings meet, and connects to our adrenal glands. Its color is yellow like the sun and it gives us the fire and power to achieve in life. We may have the creativity to create, but without the combustion of energy, our burning desires will fizzle out. If we have too much fire, we can burn ourselves up in a never-ending desire. If this connection is not balanced with the sensitivity of our Heart Connection, then we become a madman full of rage, hatred, and greed. If this point is functioning well - we fill our life with strength and vitality and feel alive. If not - we feel sick, weak, and dead to the world. "Meditating with a balanced navel point or 3rd chakra, may achieve the same results in five minutes, as will occur meditating all day with a disconnected 3rd chakra." Yogi Bhajan

4: Air Connection - Expanding
Love, Forgiveness, Acceptance, and Fulfillment.

Located at the center of our chest, called the heart center, and connected to our thymus gland. If we can coax the Life Force to enter into this center, the heart center, then we can truly expand into the experience of infinite love. Our fires of desire will become fulfilled with the touch of compassion, the feeling of giving, and the ecstasy of infinity. Nothing material can ever come close to that experience of loving all, forgiving all (including ourselves), and embracing our divine Infinite-Self. It's equally important that this center is in equilibrium with our 3rd chakra. If this center is not balanced with the warmth and coziness of fire, we may find ourselves in a cold world of self-pity, self-commiseration, and self-denial. An overworked bleeding heart can cause cardio-vascular problems and weaken the thymus gland, which controls our immune system. Its color is green, when balanced we can no longer be mean. "If this center is not open you cannot be compassionate." Yogi Bhajan

5: Ether Connection - Speak and Create
Sound, Communication, and Purification.

Located at the throat, blue in color, it connects to our thyroid glands, which aid in purifying our blood. It is said that if we always speak truth, our words become true. It's called vach siddhi, also known as "the power of the word." Yogi Bhajan says: "The highest most effective energy on this planet is the word." In a book called "Energy Maps, A Journey Through The Chakras," it says: "One who enters the 5th chakra becomes master of his entire self." It's through our wordsthat we command. It's through the element of etherthat we create.

6: Mind Connection - Intuition & Perception

Inner-Sight, Inner-Knowing, ESP.

Located at the eyebrow, indigo in color, connected to the pituitary gland, dubbed the THIRD EYE. Its actual name is the Ajna (Ah-jah-nah) Chakra, meaning to perceive. Have you ever had psychic experiences like precognition or clairvoyance? What about intuition? It gives us the insight to see and command. If we are fat, can we see ourselves thin? If working correctly, we can become thin by simple - creative visualization. It's the command center to command all the other glands and chakras.

7: Consciousness Connection - Wahey Guru
Thoughts, Self-Realization, & Samadhi.

Located at the top of the head, violet in color, it connects to our pineal gland. It's labeled the THOUSAND PETALED LOTUS, because each petal represents one thought. Our brain can produce 1000 thoughts in the wink of an eye- can we let go, and go beyond all the thoughts? When the Kundalini enters this center of consciousness, then we go beyond all thoughts, and into a state of Indescribable Wisdom and Being - called Wahey Guru.

8: Aura - The Container
The Shield Of Our finite-self, Into Our Infinite-Self.

Our Aura is called an "electromagnetic field of energy" that surrounds us in every direction. It is the container for all the chakras. It extends outwards from our body, up to nine feet. It blocks out what is negative and lets in what is positive. When Kundalini flows fully into this chakra - IT WILL BALANCE OUT ALL THE CHAKRAS - as it comes back to rest in our Navel Center. At that moment, we truly become ENLIGHTENED. We simply let the light in.

RE-BIRTH

Reincarnation

Truth or Blind Faith

Reincarnation, literally "to be made flesh again", is a doctrine or metaphysical belief that some essential part of a living being (in some variations only human beings) survives death to be reborn in a new body. This essential part is often referred to as the spirit or soul, the "higher" or "true" self, "divine spark", thetan, or "I". According to such beliefs, a new personality is developed during each life in the physical world, but some part of the self remains constant throughout the successive lives.
Belief in reincarnation is an ancient phenomenon. This doctrine is a central tenet within the majority of Indian religious traditions, such as Hinduism (including Yoga, Vaishnavism, and Shaivism), Jainism, and Sikhism. The idea was also entertained by some ancient Greek philosophers. Many modern Pagans also believe in reincarnation as do some New Age movements, along with followers of Spiritism, practitioners of certain African traditions, and students of esoteric philosophies such as Kabbalah, Sufism and Gnostic and Esoteric Christianity. The Buddhist concept of Rebirth although often referred to as reincarnation differs significantly from the Hindu-based traditions and New Age movements in that there is no "self" (or eternal soul) to reincarnate.
During recent decades, a significant minority of people in the West have developed a belief in reincarnation. Feature films, such as Kundun and Birth, contemporary books by authors such as Carol Bowman and Vicki Mackenzie, as well as popular songs, regularly mention reincarnation.
Some researchers, such as Professor Ian Stevenson, have explored the issue of reincarnation and published suggestive evidence. Some skeptics are critical of this work and others say that more reincarnation research is needed.

Hinduism
In India the concept of reincarnation is first recorded in the Upanishads(to know more about upnishads please view the earlier posts in the community) (c. 800 BCE), which are philosophical and religious texts composed in Sanskrit.
According to Hinduism, the soul (atman) is immortal, while the body is subject to birth and death. The Bhagavad Gita states that:
Worn-out garments are shed by the body; Worn-out bodies are shed by the dweller within the body. New bodies are donned by the dweller, like garments.
The idea that the soul (of any living being - including animals, humans and plants) reincarnates is intricately linked to karma, another concept first introduced in the Upanishads. Karma (literally: action) is the sum of one's actions, and the force that determines one's next reincarnation. The cycle of death and rebirth, governed by karma, is referred to as samsara.
Hinduism teaches that the soul goes on repeatedly being born and dying. One is reborn on account of desire: a person desires to be born because he or she wants to enjoy worldly pleasures, which can be enjoyed only through a body. Hinduism does not teach that all worldly pleasures are sinful, but it teaches that they can never bring deep, lasting happiness or peace (ananda). According to the Hindu sage Adi Shankaracharya - the world as we ordinarily understand it - is like a dream: fleeting and illusory. To be trapped in Samsara is a result of ignorance of the true nature of our existence.
After many births, every person eventually becomes dissatisfied with the limited happiness that worldly pleasures can bring. At this point, a person begins to seek higher forms of happiness, which can be attained only through spiritual experience. When, after much spiritual practice (sadhana), a person finally realizes his or her own divine nature—ie., realizes that the true "self" is the immortal soul rather than the body or the ego—all desires for the pleasures of the world will vanish, since they will seem insipid compared to spiritual ānanda. When all desire has vanished, the person will not be reborn anymore.
When the cycle of rebirth thus comes to an end, a person is said to have attained moksha, or salvation. While all schools of thought agree that moksha implies the cessation of worldly desires and freedom from the cycle of birth and death, the exact definition of salvation depends on individual beliefs. For example, followers of the Advaita Vedanta school (often associated with jnana yoga) believe that they will spend eternity absorbed in the perfect peace and happiness that comes with the realization that all existence is One (Brahman), and that the immortal soul is part of that existence. The followers of full or partial Dvaita schools ("dualistic" schools, such as bhakti yoga), on the other hand, perform their worship with the goal of spending eternity in a loka, (spiritual world or heaven), in the blessed company of the Supreme being (i.e Krishna or Vishnu for the Vaishnavas and Shiva for the dualistic schools of Shaivism).
Jainism
In Jainism, particular reference is given to how devas (gods) also reincarnate after they die. A Jainist who accumulates enough good karma may become a deva, but this is generally seen as undesirable since devas eventually die and one might then come back as a lesser being. This belief also exists in a number of other schools of Hinduism.
Sikhism
In Sikhism reincarnation is subject to grace of Guru and God. Though it affirms Karma, it recognises the possibility of modifying ones destiny with the blessings of Guru. The tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh, after initiating Sikhs with Khande di Pahul (Sikh baptism ceremony) declared the Sikhs to have been freed from previous family origin (janamnaash), creed (dharamnaash), rituals (karamnaash), duality (bhramnaash) and pre-determined occupation (kritnaash).
Therefore, the Sikhs hold the belief, as per enshrined by the Sikh Gurus, that they are free from re-incarnation.
Buddhism
According to the scriptures, the Buddha taught a concept of rebirth that was distinct from that of any known Indian teacher contemporary with him. This concept was consistent with the common notion of a sequence of related lives stretching over a very long time, but was constrained by two core Buddhist concepts: anatta, that there is no irreducible atman or "self" tying these lives together; and anicca, that all compounded things are subject to dissolution, including all the components of the human person and personality. At the death of one personality, a new one comes into being, much as the flame of a dying candle can serve to light the flame of another.
Since according to Buddhism there is no permanent and unchanging self (identify) there can be no transmigration in the strict sense. However, the Buddha himself is said to have referred to his past-lives. Buddhism teaches that what is reborn is not the person but that one moment gives rise to another and that that momentum continues, even after death. It is a more subtle concept than the usual notion of reincarnation, reflecting the Buddhist concept of personality existing (even within one's lifetime) without a "soul".
Buddhism never rejected samsara, the process of rebirth, but suggests that it occurs across five or six realms of beings. It is actually said to be very rare for a person to be reborn in the immediate next life as a human. However, Tibetan Buddhists do believe that a new-born child may be the rebirth of some important departed lama.

SAI BABA

"Sri Satchitanand Sadguru Sainath Maharaj Ki Jai"
Joduniya kar charani thevila Matha
Parisawi vinanti majhi sagurunatha(pandharinatha)
Aso-naso bhav alo tujhiya thaya
Kripa drishti pahe majkade sadgururaya
Akhandit asawe aise watate payi
Sanduni sankoch thav thodasa dei
Tuka manhane deva maji vedi wakudi
Namhe – bhavapash hati apulya todi
Utha panduranga ata prabhat samayo patala
Vaishnawancha mela garud pari datala
Garud para pasuni mahadwara paryant
Suracharanchi mandi ubhi joduniya hath
Shuka sanakadik narad tumbar bhaktanchyakoti
Trishul damaroo ghewooni ubha girjecha pati
Kaliyugincha bhakta namhe ubha kirtani
Pathimage ubhi dola lawooniya jani

Utha utha sri sainath guru charan kamal dawa
Aadhi wyadi bhawatap waruni tara jadviwa
Geli tumha soduniya bhawatama rajani vilaya
Pri hi agyanasi tumachi bhulawi yogmaya
Shakti na amha Yatkinchitahi tijala saraya
Tumhich teetay saruni dawa mukha jan taraaya
Bho sainath maharaj bhawa timirnashak ravi
Agyani amhi kiti tawa varnavi thorawi
Tee warnita bhagale bahuvadani shesh vidhi kavi
Sakurpa howooni mahima tumcha tumhich wadwa wa
Utha Utha ------------------------
Bhakt mani sadbhaw dharuni je tumha anusarale
Dhayastawa Te darshan tumche dwari ubhe thele
Dhyanastha tumhas pahuni man amuche dhale
Pari Twa chanamruta Prashayate atur jhale
Ughaduni netra kamaladeenabhandu ramakanta
Pahiba krupa drushti balaka jashi mata
Ranjavi madhurvani Hari tap Sai Natha
Aamhich Apule Kajastawa tuja kashtavito Deva
Sahan Karishil te aikuni ghyawi bhet Krishna Dhawa
Utha Utha Aadhi Wyadi ..(2)

Utha Panduranga ata darshan dya sakala
Jhala Arunodaya sarali nidrechi vela
Sant sadhu mani avaghe jhaleti gola
Sada Sheje sukh ata baghu dhya mukh kamala
Rang Mandapi maha dwari jhalise dati
Man utavil roop pahawaya drushti
Rahi rakhumabai tumha yewoodhya daya
Sheje halwooni jage kara devraya
Garud hanumant ubhe pahati waat
Swarginche surwar ghewooni ale bobhat
Jale mukta dwar labh jhala rokada
Vishnu das nama ubha ghewooni kankada

Ghewooniya pancharati karoo babansi arti karoo sai si..
Utha utha ho bandhav owalu ha ramadhav
Karuniya Sthira man, Pahu gambhir he dhyana
Saiche hey
Krishna natha datt sai jado chitt tujhepai

Kakad arti karito sainath deva
Chinmaya roop dakhavi ghewooni balak laghu seva
Kam krodh mad matsar atwooni Kankada kela
Vairagyache toop ghalooni me to bhijavila
Sai nath guru bhakti jawaane to me petawila
Tad wruth jaluni guru ne parakash padila
Dwaita tama nasuni milavi tatswaroopi jeewa
Chinmaya roop dhakavi ghewooni balak laghu seva
Bhoo-kechar vyapuni avaghe hrudhkamali rahasi
Tochi datta devu shridi rahuni pawasi
Rahooni yethe anyatrahi too bakta stav dhavasi
Nirasuniya sankata dasa anubhav davisi
Chinmaya roop dakhavi...
Twadhyash dundu bhine sare ambar he kondale
Sagun murti pahanya atur jan shirdi ale
Prashuntwat vachanamrit amuche dehabhan harpale
Soduniya durabhiman manas twat charni wahile
Krupa karuniya sai maule dass padari ghyawa
Chinmaya...

Bhaktichiya poti bodh kankada jyothi
Panch pran jivebhave owaloo arti
Owaloo arti majya pandharinatha majya sainatha
Donhi Kara jodoni charani thevila matha
Kayb mahima varnu ata sangane kiti
Koti brahma hatya mukh pahata jati
Rai rukhumabai ubhaya doghi do bahi
Mayur pich chamare dhallti thaiche thai
Tuka mhane deep ghewooni unmaneet shobha
Vite vari ubha dise lawanya gabha .. Owaloo …

Utha sadhu sant sadha apulale heet
Jaeel jaeel ha nardeh mag kaicha bhagwant
Uthoniya pahate baba uba ase vite
Charan tayancha gomate amrut drishti awaloka
Utha utha ho vegsi chala jawooya rawoolasi
Jalatil patakanchya rashi kakad arti dekhiliya
Jage kara rukminivar, dev ahe nijsurant
Vege linlon kara drisht hoel tayasi
Dari wajantri vajati dhol damane garjati
Hote kakad ati majhya sadguru rayanchi
Sihanad shankh bheri anand hoto maha dwari
Keshavraj vetewari nama charan vandito

Sainath guru majhe aaee
Majla thav dhava payee
Datt raj guru majhe aaee
Majla thav dhava payee
Sri satchidanand sadguru
Sainath maharajki jai
Prabhat samayi shubh ravi prabha phankali
Samare guru sada asha samayi tya chhale na kali
Manhoni kar jodoni karu ata guru prarthana
Samarth guru sai nath purvi manovasana……………
Tama nirsi bhanu ha guru hi nasi adnyanata
Parantu guruchi kari na ravihi kadhi samyata
Punha timir janma ghe gurukrupeni adnyana na
Samarth guru sainath puri manovasana………………
Ravi pragat hawooni twarita ghalwi alasa
Tasa guruhi sodwi sakal dushkruti lalasa
Haroni abhimani jadwi tatpadi bhavana
Samarth guru sainath purvi manovasana……………...
Gurusi upma dise vidheehari haranchi uni
Kuthoni mag yei tee kavani ya ugi pahooni
Tujjhich upma tula bharvi shobhate sajana
Samarth guru sainath purvi manovasana…………….
Samadhi utroniya guru chala mashidikade
Twaidya vachnoti tee madhur variti sankade
Ajatripu sadguru akhil pataka bhajana
Samarth guru sainath purvi manovasana……………..
Aha susamayasi ya guru uthoniya baisale
Vilokuni padashrit tadiy aapade nasile
Asa suhitkari ya jagati konihi anya na
Samarth guru sainath purvi manovasana……………..
Ase bahut shahana pari na jya guruchi kripa
Na tatswahit tya kale karitase rikamya gapa
Jari gurupada dhari sadrudh bhaktine to mana
Samarth guru sainath purvi manovasana……………..
Guro vinati mi kari hridaymandiriya basa
Samasta jag he guruswarupachi thaso manasa
Karo satat satkruti matihi de jagatpavana
Samarth guru sainath purvi manovasana……………..
Premeya ashtakasi padhuni guruvara prarthiti je prabhati,
Tyachi chittasee deto akhil
Haruniya bhranti mee nitya shanti
Aise he sainathekathuni
Suchvile jevi ya baalakasi,
Tevi tya krisnapayi namuni
Savinaye arpito ashtakasi………………………………
Sai raham najar karna,
Bachoon ka palan karna
Jana tumne jagat pasara,
Sabahi jooth jamana
Sai raham najar karna
Mai andha hoon banda apaka
Mujase prabhu dikhlana
Sai ram najar karna
Das ganu kahe aab kya bolu,
Thak gayi meri rasana
Sai ram najar karna
Raham najar karo, ab more sai
Tumbin nahi mujhe maa baap bhai - Raham ….
Mai andha hoo banda tumara - Mai andha ….
Mai na janoo allah elahi-Raham najar Karo
Khali jamana maineh gamaya - Khali ….
Sathi akhar ka kiya na koi-Raham najar Karo
Apne mashidka jhadoo ganu hai - Apne ….
Malik hamara, tum baba sai - Raham najar Karo
Tuj kay deoon sawlya mee khaya tari
Mi dubali batik namyachee jaa shree hari
Uchhishta tula dene hi goshta na bari
Tu jagannath, tuj deoon kashire bhakari
Nako anta madiya pahoon sakhiya bhagwanta - shrikanta
Madhyanharatr Ultoni galee hi aata - aan chitta.
Hoiel tujhare kankada ki raulantari
Aantil bhakti naivedyahi nanapari -
Sri sadguru baba sai
Tujwanchuni ashray nahi, bhutali
Mi papi patit dheemananda - Mi….
Tarne mala gurunatha, jhadakari
Tu shantishamecha meru, Tu….
Tu bhavarnavinche taru guruvara,
Guruvara majasi pamara, ata udddhvara
Twarit lavlahi, Twarit lavlahi,
Mi budto bhavbhay dohi, uddhvara Sri sadguru….

"Sri Satchitanand Sadguru Sainath Maharaj Ki Jai"

THE FOUR ASHRAMS

The Four Ashrams or Life Stages

The human life span is divided into four ashrams. These are Brahmacharya, Grahasta, Vanaprastha and Sanyasa. The Vedas define a specific purpose for each ashram.
According to Vedic philosophy the human life span is divided into four stages known as ‘ashrams’. The word ashram means shelter implying that the person takes shelter successively in each of the four stages during his life’s journey. These ashrams are Brahmacharya, Grahasta, Vanaprastha and Sanyasa. The Vedas define a specific purpose for each ashram and offer specific instructions to be followed in each ashram. The overall movement from ashram to ashram facilitates the merging of the jivatma (individual soul) with the paramatma (universal soul or God), which is the purpose of life.
The first ashram, Brahmacharya, is the student phase of life when the person is supposed to immerse himself or herself in learning the craft or trade in preparation for later life. During this period the person is supposed to live a celibate life (Brahmacharya means celibacy) because sexual activities were thought to have an adverse effect on the learning process. Till a few decades back, celibacy till marriage was the norm in India. In rural India it still is. However in urban areas the incidence of premarital sex is increasing, largely under the influence of the west.
Grahasta (meaning householder) ashram is the stage of family life. It begins with marriage and proceeds to raising a family. It involves earning a living through the skills acquired during Brahmacharya ashram. It encourages the enjoyment of a material life, including sexual pleasures with one’s spouse. The householders have the responsibility of bringing up their children in the same way that their parents brought them up. The householder needs to perform his religious duties as well.
Vanaprastha indicates the departure from material possessions. The person lives with the family, in society, but in a withdrawn manner. The man no longer takes part in the commercial activities and the woman leaves the running of the household to her daughter-in-law. People in this ashram play the role of mentors. The social activities become religious in nature. Celibacy is again advocated. The person is in this world but not of this world. The process of detachment from possessions, desires and relations begins in this stage. When Mr. Narayan Murthy, the founding father of Infosys, relinquished executive responsibility on turning sixty he was acting according to this philosophy.
The final stage is Sanyasa or renunciation. The person leaves society to spend the remaining part of his or her life in meditation and the contemplation of God in solitude. This is a very severe step and once upon a time was the norm. Hinduism propounds that religious and ethical values decline from age to age and hence it is not surprising that today this stage of life finds few takers.
In Hindu philosophy there exists a universal soul known as 'paramatma', which is another way of describing God. Each living being also has a soul known as 'jivatma'. The objective of existence is to try to merge the jivatma with the paramatma. This is known as moksha or salvation. The four ashrams prepare a person to undertake the process in a controlled but directed manner.

Inventions

IT TOOK LONG TO DO SO

--------------------
INVENTION
YEAR
INVENTOR
COUNTRY

-------------------
aerosol can
1926
Erik Rotheim
Norway
air conditioning
1902
Willis Haviland Carrier
US
airbag, automotive
1952
John Hetrick
US
airplane, engine-powered
1903
Wilbur & Orville Wright
US
airship
1852
Henri Giffard
France
alphabet
c. 1700–1500 BC
Semitic-speaking peoples
eastern coast of Mediterranean Sea
American Sign Language
1817
Thomas H. Gallaudet
US
animation, motion-picture
1906
J. Stuart Blackton
US
answering machine, telephone
1898
Valdemar Poulsen
Denmark
aspartame
1965
James Schlatter
US
aspirin
1897
Felix Hoffmann (Bayer)
Germany
assembly line
1913
Henry Ford
US
astrolabe
c. 2nd century
—
—
AstroTurf
1965
James M. Faria, Robert T. Wright
US
audiotape
1928
Fritz Pfleumer
Germany
automated teller machine (ATM)
1968
Don Wetzel
US
automobile
1889
Gottlieb Daimler
Germany
baby food, prepared
1927
Dorothy Gerber
US
bag, flat-bottomed paper
1870
Margaret Knight
US
Bakelite
1907
Leo Hendrik Baekeland
US
ball bearing
1794
Philip Vaughan
England
balloon, hot-air
1783
Joseph & Étienne Montgolfier
France
bandage, adhesive
1921
Earle Dickson
US
bar code
1952
Joseph Woodland
US
barbed wire
1874
Joseph Glidden
US
barometer
1643
Evangelista Torricelli
Italy
battery, electric storage
1800
Alessandro Volta
Italy
beer
before 6000 BC
Sumerians, Babylonians
Mesopotamia
bicycle
1818
Baron Karl de Drais de Sauerbrun
Germany
bifocal lens
1784
Benjamin Franklin
US
blood bank
late 1930s
Charles Richard Drew
US
blow-dryer
1920
Racine Universal Motor Co., Hamilton Beach Manufacturing Co.
US
bomb, atomic
1945
J. Robert Oppenheimer, et al.
US
bomb, thermonuclear (hydrogen)
1952
Edward Teller, et al.
US
boomerang
c. 15,000 years ago
Aboriginal peoples
Australia
Braille system
1824
Louis Braille
France
bread, sliced (bread-slicing machine)
1928
Otto Frederick Rohwedder
US
button
c. 700 BC
Greeks, Etruscans
Greece, Italy
buttonhole
13th century
—
Europe
calculator, electronic hand-held
1967
Jack S. Kilby
US
calculus
1680s
Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (invented separately)
England and Germany (respectively)
calendar, modern (Gregorian)
1582
Pope Gregory XIII
Italy
camcorder
1982
Sony Corp.
Japan
camera, motion picture
1891
Thomas Alva Edison, William K.L. Dickson
US
camera, portable photographic
1888
George Eastman
US
can, metal beverage
1933
American Can Co.
US
can opener
1858
Ezra J. Warner
US
candle
c. 3000 BC
—
Egypt, Crete
canning, food
1809
Nicolas Appert
France
carbon-14 dating
1946
Willard F. Libby
US
cardboard, corrugated
1871
Albert Jones
US
cards, playing
c. 10th century
—
China
cash register
1879
James Ritty
US
cat litter
1947
Edward Lowe
US
catalog, mail-order
1872
Aaron Montgomery Ward
US
cellophane
1911
Jacques E. Brandenberger
Switzerland
celluloid
1869
John Wesley Hyatt
US
cement, portland
1824
Joseph Aspdin
England
cereal flakes, breakfast
1894
John Harvey Kellogg
US
chewing gum (modern)
c. 1870
Thomas Adams
US
chocolate
c. 3rd–10th century
Maya, Aztecs
Central America, Mexico
chronometer
1762
John Harrison
England
clock, pendulum
1656
Christiaan Huygens
The Netherlands
clock, quartz
1927
Warren A. Marrison
Canada/US
cloning, animal
1970
John B. Gurdon
UK
coffee, drip
1908
Melitta Bentz
Germany
coffee, decaffeinated
1905
Ludwig Roselius
Germany
coins
c. 650 BC
Lydians
Turkey
compact disc (CD)
1980
Philips Electronics, Sony Corp.
The Netherlands, Japan
compass, magnetic
c. 12th century
—
China, Europe
computed tomography (CT scan, CAT scan)
1972
Godfrey Hounsfield, Allan Cormack
UK, US
computer, electronic digital
1939
John V. Atanasoff, Clifford E. Berry
US
computer, laptop
1983
Radio Shack Corp.
US
computer, personal
1974
MITS (Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems)
US
concrete, reinforced
1867
Joseph Monier
France
contact lenses
1887
Adolf Fick
Germany
corn, hybrid
1917
Donald F. Jones
US
correction fluid, white
1951
Bette Nesmith
US
cotton gin
1793
Eli Whitney
US
coupon, grocery
1894
Asa Candler
US
crayons, children's wax
1903
Edwin Binney, C. Harold Smith
US
cream separator (dairy processing)
1878
Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval
Sweden
credit card
1950
Frank McNamara, Ralph Schneider (Diners' Club)
US
crossword puzzles
1913
Arthur Wynne
US
DDT
1874
Othmar Zeidler
Germany
defibrillator
1952
Paul M. Zoll
US
dentures
c. 700 BC
Etruscans
Italy
detector, metal
late 1920s
Gerhard Fisher
Germany/US
detector, home smoke
1969
Randolph Smith, Kenneth House
US
diamond, artificial
1955
General Electric Co.
US
diapers, disposable
1950
Marion Donovan
US
digital videodisc (DVD)
1995
consortium of international electronics companies
Japan, US, The Netherlands
dishwasher
1886
Josephine Cochrane
US
DNA fingerprinting
1984
Alec Jeffreys
UK
doughnut (ring) or donut
1847
Hanson Crockett Gregory
US
door, revolving
1888
Theophilus von Kannel
US
drinking fountain
c. 1905–1912
Luther Haws, Halsey W. Taylor (invented separately)
US
dry cleaning
1855
Jean Baptiste Jolly
France
dynamite
1867
Alfred Nobel
Sweden
elastic, fabric
c. 1830
Thomas Hancock
UK
electric chair
1888
Harold P. Brown, Arthur E. Kennelly
US
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
1903
Willem Einthoven
The Netherlands
electroencephalogram (EEG)
1929
Hans Berger
Germany
electronic mail (e-mail)
1971
Ray Tomlinson
US
elevator, passenger
1852
Elisha Graves Otis
US
encyclopedia
c. 4th century BC or 77 AD
Speusippus (compliation of Plato's teachings) or Pliny the Elder (comprehensive work)
Greece or Rome
engine, internal-combustion
1859
Étienne Lenoir
France
engine, jet
1930
Sir Frank Whittle
UK
engine, liquid-fueled rocket
1926
Robert H. Goddard
US
engine, steam
1698
Thomas Savery
England
escalator
1891
Jesse W. Reno
US
eyeglasses
1280s
Salvino degli Armati or Alessandro di Spina
Italy
facsimile (fax)
1842
Alexander Bain
Scotland
fiber optics
1955
Narinder S. Kapany
India
fiberglass
1938
Owens Corning (corp.)
US
film, photographic
1884
George Eastman
US
flashlight, battery-operated portable
1899
Conrad Hubert
Russia/US
flask, vacuum (Thermos)
1892
Sir James Dewar
Scotland
food processor
1971
Pierre Verdon
France
foods, freeze-dried
1946
Earl W. Flosdorf
US
foods, frozen
c. 1924
Clarence Birdseye
US
Fresnel lens
1820
Augustin-Jean Fresnel
France
fuel cell
1839
William R. Grove
UK
genetic engineering
1973
Stanley N. Cohen, Herbert W. Boyer
US
Geiger counter
1908
Hans Geiger
Germany
glass
c. 2500 BC
Egyptians or Phoenicians
Egypt or Lebanon
glass, safety
1909
Édouard Bénédictus
France
greeting card, Christmas
1843
John Callcott Horsley
England
guillotine
1792
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
France
guitar, electric
1941
Les Paul
US
gunpowder
c. 10th century
—
China or Arabia
hanger, wire coat
1903
Albert J. Parkhouse
US
helicopter
1939
Igor Sikorsky
Russia/US
holography
1948
Dennis Gabor
Hungary
hypodermic syringe
1853
Charles Gabriel Pravaz
France
in vitro fertilization (IVF), human
1978
Patrick Steptoe, Robert Edwards
UK
ink
c. 2500 BC
—
Egypt, China
insulin, extraction and preparation of
1921
Sir Frederick Grant Banting, Charles H. Best
Canada
integrated circuit
1958
Jack S. Kilby
US
Internet
1969
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) at the Dept. of Defense
US
iron, electric
1882
Henry W. Seely
US
irradiation, food
1905
—
US/UK
jeans
1873
Levi Strauss, Jacob Davis
US
JELL-O (gelatin dessert)
1897
Pearle B. Wait
US
jukebox
1889
Louis Glass
US
Kevlar
1965
Stephanie Kwolek
US
Kool-Aid (fruit drink mix)
1927
Edwin E. Perkins
US
laser
1958
Gordon Gould and Charles Hard Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow (invented separately)
US
laundromat
1934
J.F. Cantrell
US
lawn mower, gasoline-powered
c. 1940
Leonard Goodall
US
Lego
late 1940s
Ole Kirk Christiansen
Denmark
light bulb, incandescent
1879
Thomas Alva Edison
US
light bulb, fluorescent
1934
Arthur Compton
US
light-emitting diode (LED)
1962
Nick Holonyak, Jr.
US
linoleum
1860
Frederick Walton
UK
lipstick, tube
1915
Maurice Levy
US
liquid crystal display (LCD)
1963
George Heilmeier
US
lock and key
c. 2000 BC
Assyrians
Mesopotamia
locomotive
1829
George Stephenson
England
longbow
c. 1000
—
Wales
loudspeaker
1924
Chester W. Rice, Edward W. Kellogg
US
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
early 1970s
Raymond Damadian, Paul Lauterbur
US
margarine
1869
Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès
France
matches, friction
1827
John Walker
England
metric system of measurement
1795
French Academy of Sciences
France
microphone
1878
David E. Hughes
UK/US
microscope, compound optical
c. 1600
Hans & Zacharias Jansen
The Netherlands
microscope, electron
1933
Ernst Ruska
Germany
microwave oven
1945
Percy L. Spencer
US
miniature golf
c. 1930
Garnet Carter
US
mirror, glass
c. 1200
Venetians
Italy
missile, guided
1942
Wernher von Braun
Germany
mobile home
1919
Glenn H. Curtiss
US
money, paper
late 900s
—
China
Monopoly (board game)
1934
Charles B. Darrow
US
Morse code
1838
Samuel F.B. Morse
US
motor, electric
1834
Thomas Davenport
US
motor, outboard
1907
Ole Evinrude
Norway/US
motorcycle
1885
Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach
Germany
mouse, computer
1963–64
Douglas Engelbart
US
Muzak
1922
George Owen Squier
US
nail, construction
c. 3300 BC
Sumerians
Mesopotamia
necktie
17th century
—
Croatia
neon lighting
1910
Georges Claude
France
nuclear reactor
1942
Enrico Fermi
US
nylon
1937
Wallace H. Carothers
US
oil lamp
1784
Aimé Argand
Switzerland
oil well
1859
Edwin Laurentine Drake
US
pacemaker, cardiac
1952
Paul M. Zoll
US
paper
c. 105
Ts'ai Lun
China
paper clip
1899
Johan Vaaler
Norway
paper towel
1931
Arthur Scott
US
parachute, modern
1797
André-Jacques Garnerin
France
parking meter
1932
Carl C. Magee
US
particle accelerator
1929
Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton
Ireland/UK
pasteurization
1864
Louis Pasteur
France
pen, ballpoint
1938
Lazlo Biro
Hungary
pencil
1565
Conrad Gesner
Switzerland
periodic table
1871
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev
Russia
personal watercraft, motorized
1968
Bombardier, Inc.
Canada
petroleum jelly
1870s
Robert Chesebrough
US
phonograph
1877
Thomas Alva Edison
US
photocopying (xerography)
1937
Chester F. Carlson
US
photography
1837
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
France
photography, instant
1947
Edwin Herbert Land
US
Play-Doh
1956
Noah W. & Joseph S. McVicker
US
plow, steel
1836
John Deere
US
pocket watch
c. 1500
Peter Henlein
Germany
polyethylene
1935
Eric Fawcett, Reginald Gibson
UK
polygraph (lie detector)
1921
John A. Larson
US
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
1872
Eugen Baumann
Germany
Post-it Notes
mid-1970s
Arthur Fry (3M)
US
potato chips
1853
George Crum
US
printing press, movable type
c. 1450
Johannes Gutenberg
Germany
Prozac
1972
Ray W. Fuller, Bryan B. Molloy, David T. Wong
US
radar
c. 1904
Christian Hülsmeyer
Germany
radio
1896
Guglielmo Marconi
Italy
radio, car
early 1920s
William P. Lear
US
rayon
1884
Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud, count of Chardonnet
France
razor, electric
1928
Jacob Schick
US
razor, safety
c. 1900
King Camp Gillette
US
reaper, mechanical
1831
Cyrus Hall McCormick
US
record, long-playing (LP)
1948
Peter Carl Goldmark
US
refrigerator
1842
John Gorrie
US
remote control, television
1950
Robert Adler
US
respirator
c. 1955
Forrest M. Bird
US
revolver
1835–36
Samuel Colt
US
Richter scale
1935
Charles Francis Richter, Beno Gutenberg
US
rifle, assault
1944
Hugo Schmeisser
Germany
roller coaster
1884
LeMarcus A. Thompson
US
rubber, vulcanized
1839
Charles Goodyear
US
rubber band
1845
Stephen Perry
UK
saccharin
1879
Ira Remsen, Constantin Fahlberg
US, Germany
saddle (riding)
c. 200 BC
—
China
safety pin
1849
Walter Hunt
US
satellite, successful artificial earth
1957
Sergey Korolyov, et al.
USSR
satellite, communications
1960
John Robinson Pierce
US
saxophone
1846
Antoine-Joseph Sax
Belgium
Scotch tape
1930
Richard Drew (3M)
US
scuba gear
1943
Jacques Cousteau, Émile Gagnan
France
seat belt, automotive shoulder
1959
Nils Bohlin (Volvo)
Sweden
sewing machine
1841
Barthélemy Thimonnier
France
shoelaces
1790
—
England
silicone
1904
Frederic Stanley Kipping
UK
skateboard
1958
Bill & Mark Richards
US
skates, ice
1000 BC
—
Scandinavia
skates, roller
1760s
Joseph Merlin
Belgium
ski, snow
c. 2000–3000 BC
—
Sweden, Finland, Norway
skyscraper, steel-frame
1884
William Le Baron Jenney
US
slot machine
1890s
Charles Fey
US
snowmobile
1922
Joseph-Armand Bombardier
Canada
soap
600 BC
Phoenicians
Lebanon
soft drinks, carbonated
1772
Joseph Priestley
UK
sonar
1915
Paul Langevin
France
stamps, postage
1840
Sir Rowland Hill
UK
stapler
1866
George W. McGill
US
steamboat, successful
1807
Robert Fulton
US
steel, mass-production
1856
Henry Bessemer
UK
steel, stainless
1914
Harry Brearley
UK
stereo, personal
1979
Sony Corp.
Japan
stereophonic sound recording
1931
Alan Dower Blumlein
UK
stethoscope
1819
René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec
France
stock ticker
1867
Edward A. Calahan
US
stove, electric
1896
William Hadaway
US
stove, gas
1826
James Sharp
UK
straw, drinking
1888
Marvin Stone
US
submarine
1620
Cornelis Drebbel
The Netherlands
sunglasses
1752
James Ayscough
UK
sunscreen
1944
Benjamin Green
US
supermarket
1930
Michael Cullen
US
synthesizer, music
1955
Harry Olson, Herbert Belar
US
synthetic skin
1981
Ioannis V. Yannas, John F. Burke
US
tampon, cotton
1931
Earle Cleveland Haas
US
tank, military
1915
Admiralty Landships Committee
UK
tea bag
early 1900s
Thomas Sullivan
US
teddy bear
1902
Morris Michtom
US
Teflon
1938
Roy Plunkett
US
telegraph
1832–35
Samuel F.B. Morse
US
telephone, wired-line
1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Scotland/US
telephone, mobile
1946
Bell Laboratories
US
telescope, optical
1608
Hans Lippershey
The Netherlands
television
1923, 1927
Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, Philo Taylor Farnsworth
Russia/US, US
thermometer
1592
Galileo
Italy
thermostat
1830
Andrew Ure
UK
threshing machine
1778
Andrew Meikle
Scotland
tire, pneumatic
1888
John Boyd Dunlop
UK
tissue, disposable facial
1924
Kimberly-Clark Co.
US
tissue, toilet
1857
Joseph Gayetty
US
toaster, electric
1893
Crompton Co.
UK
toilet, flush
c. 1591
Sir John Harington
England
toothbrush
1498
—
China
tractor
1892
John Froehlich
US
traffic lights, automatic
1923
Garrett A. Morgan
US
transistor
1947
John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, William B. Shockley
US
typewriter
1868
Christopher Latham Sholes
US
ultrasound imaging, obstetric
1958
Ian Donald
UK
vaccination
1796
Edward Jenner
England
vacuum cleaner, electric
1901
Herbert Cecil Booth
UK
Velcro
1948
George de Mestral
Switzerland
vending machine
c. 100–200 BC
—
Egypt
video games
1972
Nolan Bushnell
US
videocassette recorder
1969
Sony Corp.
Japan
videotape
1950s
Charles Ginsburg
US
virtual reality
1989
Jaron Lanier
US
vision correction, laser
1987
Stephen Trokel
US
washing machine, electric
1907
Alva J. Fisher
US
wheel
about 3500 BC
proto-Aryan people or Sumerians
Russia/Kazakhstan or Mesopotamia
wheelbarrow
1st century BC
—
China
wheelchair
1590s
—
Spain
windmill
644
—
Persia
wine
before 4000 BC
—
Middle East
World Wide Web
1989
Tim Berners-Lee
UK
wristwatch, digital
1970
John M. Bergey
US
X-ray imaging
1895
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Germany
Zamboni (ice resurfacing machine)
1949
Frank J. Zamboni
US
zipper
1893
Whitcomb L. Judson
US
---------

Science

Most people today have been led to believe that science can explain – or soon will explain – all natural phenomena – including the origin of life and the universe. Not many of them get to know that this notion is a belief that is only a few centuries old. Or that is being increasingly challenged by scientific research. This site will systematically present the pioneering research that promises to herald a spiritual revolution within science. Indeed eminent thinkers throughout the world, including leading scientists such as Nobel laureate Richard R. Ernst, peace workers such as Nobel laureates Oscar Arias Sanchez and Betty Williams, and spiritualists such as Nobel laureate the Dalai Lama, firmly believe that only a synthesis of science and spirituality can lead the world out of the present troubled times.

History in the making – and remaking
Since the time Newton attempted to explain planetary orbits through the laws of gravity and Motion, the scientific belief that the totality of existence can be explained through science has been gaining momentum. Correspondingly the hand of God on the canvas of the universe has been becoming dimmer and dimmer. Prior to Newton, God was understood to be the creator and controller of the universe. Newtonian physics relegated Him to the role of a creator, a mere clockmaker who had no power over nature, which was governed by laws. Darwin’s origin of natural species proposed in 1859 provided the intellectual justification for removing God even from the role of the creator. The intellectual climate of that time embraced Darwinian evolution not so much because of its scientific basis, but because of its ideological implications. This covert agenda to exile God from the academic world was made explicit by Frederic Nietzsche through his jolting “God is dead” proclamation. Today almost all the academic textbooks and journals as well as commercial science fiction novels and movies portray evolution as a proven fact, as an unquestionable scientific reality. Time and time again we get to hear recycled versions of the same old tale of human and universal origins: the universe originated with a big bang, unicellular life evolved fortuitously on the earth in a primordial soup, life forms evolved to increasing levels of complexity, and gradually all the flora and fauna on our planet – including we humans – came about. And concomitantly the religious world reviews of universal origins involving God are almost instantly rejected as pre-scientific superstitions.

This materialistic worldview has gained widespread acceptance not so much due to its scientific validation as due to its vigorous propagation. Moreover the impressive technological accomplishments of science – catering to the mass demands for instant relief and pleasure – have created among people a naïve, unquestioning faith that whatever science says must be true.
But as the harmful effects of technology are being increasingly recognized, so also are the fallacies of the scientific worldview that underlies these technologies.
More and more people – including acclaimed scientists – are realizing that reductionistic theories overlook a cardinal principle of science: theories should be based on objective evidences, no matter how unexpected, and not subjective beliefs, no matter how popular. The evidence uncovered by science – both at the macroscopic and the microscopic level – portrays a picture of the universe that is strikingly different from what most of us have been taught to believe as science.
Observation of the fine harmony of the universal laws, the amazing complexity and the purposeful, wonderful organization of animate and inanimate life on different levels, has started a progressively strengthening movement for the respiritualization of science.

"We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made. "
~ Albert Einstein
"After the conversations about Indian philosophy, some of the ideas of Quantum Physics that had seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense".W. Heisenberg (German Physicist, 1901-1976)
"The Vedanta and the Sankhya hold the key to the laws of mind and thought process which are co-related to the Quantum Field, i.e. the operation and distribution of particles at atomic and molecular levels."
Prof. Brian David Josephson (1940 - ) Welsh physicist, the youngest Nobel Laureate
" It is India that gave us the ingenious method of expressing all numbers by ten symbols, each receiving a value of position as well as an absolute value, a profound and important idea which appears so simple to us now that we ignore its true merit. But its very simplicity, the great ease which it has lent to all computations, puts our arithmetic in the first rank of useful inventions, and we shall appreciate the grandeur of this achievement the more when we remember that it escaped the genius of Archimedes and Appollonius, two of the greatest men produced by antiquity."
Pierre Simon de Laplace, French mathematician, philosopher, and astronomer,
"Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown light illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of sectarianism. It is of all ages, climbs, and nationalities and is the royal road for the attainment of the Great Knowledge."
~ Thoreau (American Thinker)
"The marvel of the Bhagavad-Gita is its truly beautiful revelation of life's wisdom which enables philosophy to blossom into religion."
~ Herman Hesse (1877-1962), German poet and novelist, awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1946,
In the great book of India,the Bhagavad-gita, an empire spoke to us, nothing small or unworthy, but large, serene, consistent, the voice of an old intelligence, which in another age and climate had pondered and thus disposed of the questions that exercise us.
~ Ralph Waldo Emerson Eminent American Thinker
On our website you can read articles about the origin of the universe, the chemical evolution or beginning of life, the critiques of modern scientific methodologies; the evolution of species and much more, all in the light of such opinions, which though written by respected scientists and philosophers, are not placed in the school books, scientific journals and media programs due to the process of “knowledge filtration” through which the ruling paradigm blinds the public to all evidence that challenges its supremacy.
Come, open your intellects to new realms of knowledge and experience. Read articles that inform, challenge, provoke, enlighten, inspire, - and, most of all, stimulate the shaping of a more scientific science and a more human humanity.
Introduction by Caitanya Caran das - ISKCON Pune